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Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer诊断前列腺癌
by: Fritz Frei:茨弗雷
The diagnosis of prostate cancer can be made on clinical suspicion of the disease, following screening, or as an incidental finding during transurethral resection for suspected benign disease (TURP).诊断前列腺癌,可致电临床怀疑这种疾病筛查后,或作为附带调查期间涉嫌尿道良性疾病(尿道).
Clinically suspected prostate cancer Prostate cancer can be completely asymptomatic or present with symptoms similar to benign prostatic enlargement (see symptoms).临床怀疑前列腺癌前列腺癌目前可完全无症状或症状类似前列腺增大(见症状). It can also present with the symptoms of metastatic disease.目前也有转移性疾病的症状. On digital rectal examination prostate cancer feels rock hard and nodular.数码直肠检查前列腺癌和硬石球感. Invasion into the surrounding structures may be palpable as a hard mass.侵入建筑物周围可能成为难以摸到肿块. Spread to the lymph glands may be palpable in the groins or pelvis.可能蔓延到淋巴腺的丁坝或骨盆明显. Bony metastases to the lumbar spine or pelvis are often tender to palpation.腰椎骨转移的骨盆常常招标或触诊. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) is a substance excreted by all prostate cells.变压吸附(前列腺特异性抗原)前列腺细胞的物质排出. The blood level of PSA is elevated in prostate cancer and the level of elevation correlates with the extent of disease.血液PSA的水平升高是前列腺癌水平和高程相关疾病的严重程度. The PSA level can also be elevated by benign diseases such as prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia.PSA的水平也可升高的良性疾病,如由前列腺炎、前列腺增生. The normal range for PSA is 0 - 4 ng/ml.PSA的正常范围为0-4毫克/毫升 The higher the PSA the greater is the chance of having prostate cancer .变压吸附越高越有机会患有前列腺癌. Somebody with a PSA of 4 - 10 ng/ml has a 25% chance of having prostate cancer, while a PSA of greater than 10 carries a 50% risk of the disease.有人用变压4-10毫克/毫升有25%机会患有前列腺癌,而对大于10带有PSA的50%危险疾病. Very high levels of PSA (>100ng/ml) almost invariably indicate widespread metastatic disease.PSA的水平非常高("为100ng/ml)几乎总是显示多数转移性疾病. The diagnosis of prostate cancer is confirmed by needle biopsy and histological analysis of the biopsy specimens.前列腺癌的诊断及病理分析证实活检的标本. A transrectal ultrasound scan is performed via a probe inserted into the rectum, and ultrasound guided needle biopsies of the prostate are taken.演出一经直肠超音波扫描探针插入直肠,B超引导穿刺活检、前列腺是否接受. The procedure is performed under local anaesthetic局部麻醉下进行的程序
Screening All healthy men over the age of 50 years should have annual prostate cancer checks.健康检查所有50岁以上的男性应每年年前列腺癌检查. Black men and men with a positive family history should start at age 40.黑人男子一家族史应从40岁. The aim of screening is to diagnose the disease at an early stage while it is still potentially curable.目的是诊断疾病筛查及早虽然仍潜在固化. By the time prostate cancer becomes symptomatic it is usually beyond cure.前列腺癌的时候,通常症状是病入膏肓. The screening tests consist of a digital rectal examination and a PSA blood test.测试分为了数码直肠检查和前列腺特异抗原验血. The prostate gland may feel entirely normal despite the presence of an early cancer.前列腺感觉完全正常,虽然在场早日癌症. The combination of PSA and digital rectal examination is more sensitive than either test alone.结合PSA和直肠检查更为敏感,仅比试验. If one or both of these tests are abnormal a transrectal ultrasound and needle biopsies of the prostate gland are performed.如果一方或双方在这些测试都是正常的直肠超声和前列腺穿刺活检的手术.
Incidental finding following TURP Whenever a transurethral resection of the prostate gland is performed for suspected benign disease the removed tissue is sent for histological analysis.每当偶然发现尿道切除后的前列腺良性疾病的演出疑是送病理组织清除分析. Occasionally evidence of unsuspected prostate cancer is found in the tissue.出人意料的是证据,偶尔发现前列腺癌组织. In a young man with an otherwise long life expectancy this is obviously significant.另有一男青年与长寿显然是重要的. A tiny focus of cancer in an elderly man is probably not significant, since the prostate cancer will not have sufficient time to become bothersome.小小的焦点癌症一名老翁恐怕不是很大,由于前列腺癌将没有足够的时间成为困扰.
With our next information - we will inform you about the "Diagnosis of prostate cancer " - so you should have a look on this site in the next 2 weeks! If you have any question sends us your e-mail.我们今后的信息,我们会通知你的"诊断前列腺癌"那么你就应该看看这个网站未来两周!如果你有什么问题送您的电子邮件.
Health-Service-Online Fritz Frei Admin健康服务在线茨弗雷总局
http://www.cancer-info.infohttp://www.cancer-info.info
info@cancer-info.infoinfo@cancer-info.info
About the author:作者简介:
Fritz Frei - since more than 25 years in the Health-Consulting Business - he has build up different rehabilitation groups and offer now in the network the easy information about a better health and life.茨弗雷-25年多以来在保健咨询业务,他已建立不同群体和康复提供了方便,现在的网络信息更好的健康和生命. http://www.cancer-info.infohttp://www.cancer-info.info
Written by: Fritz Frei作者:茨弗雷
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